Longevity & Cellular Health
NAD+
Redox coenzyme whose intracellular availability falls with age. Studied as the substrate for sirtuins and PARP enzymes and in Complex I function.
Also known asNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide · Beta-NAD
Identity
- Molecular weight
- 663.4 Da
- Amino acid residues
- —
- Half-life
- Minutes (plasma)
- CAS number
- 53-84-9
Monograph
Specifications
- Research area
- Longevity & Cellular Health
- Half-life
- Minutes (plasma)
- Molecular weight
- 663.4 Da
- CAS number
- 53-84-9
- Formula
- C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
- Mechanism of action
- Central redox coenzyme that shuttles electrons in oxidative phosphorylation (Complex I substrate) and serves as the rate-limiting substrate for sirtuin deacylases (SIRT1–SIRT7) and PARP enzymes. The NAD⁺/NADH ratio governs mitochondrial bioenergetics; intracellular NAD⁺ availability declines with age, making repletion models central to longevity research.
- Storage and handling
- Refrigerate at 2–8 °C. Sensitive to moisture and light.
Research focus
- 01Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and Complex I substrate
- 02Sirtuin (SIRT1–SIRT7) deacylase activation
- 03DNA repair via PARP enzyme substrate availability
- 04NAD⁺ decline in aging models and repletion strategies
- 05Metabolic dysfunction and cellular bioenergetics
Overview
NAD+ is the redox coenzyme that carries electrons in oxidative phosphorylation as a Complex I substrate, and the rate-limiting substrate for the sirtuin deacylases SIRT1 to SIRT7 and for the PARP enzymes. Tissue levels fall with age in animal models, which is the basis for the repletion work on NMN and NR.